Brucellosis: A menace in livestock production

The causal organism of brucellosis in the various species is Brucella abortus in cattle, Brucella melitensis (Ovis) in sheep and Brucella suis in pigs.

Worms- How do you treat infected livestock

Cause
Worms living in the intestines of chickens fall mainly into four  categories.
1. Roundworms (Ascarid), usually 5 to 7 cm (2-3 inches) long.
2. Hair worms (Capillaria), only measure 1-1.5 cm long.
3. Caecal worms (Heterakis), usually 1.5 cm long.
4. Tape worms (Raillietina, Davainea),  usually 7 to 10 cm long, consisting of many small segments.

Women contributions to Agriculture cannot be overemphasized

Women contribute largely to agriculture by providing labour for planting, weeding, harvesting and processing resulting in 70 per cent of food crop production in the country.

Newcastle Disease (ND)

Cause
 Newcastle disease is caused by a Paramyxovirus (APMV-1). Only one serotype of ND is known. ND virus has mild strains (lentogenic), medium strength strains (mesogenic), and virulent strains (velogenic).
The strains used for live vaccines are mainly lentogenic.

Transmission
 Newcastle disease virus is highly contagious through infected droppings and respiratory discharge between birds. Spread between farms is by infected equipment, trucks, personnel, wild birds or air. The incubation period is variable but usually about 3 to 6 days.

Infectious Coryza

Cause
This is a bacterial disease caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, (in the past known as Haemophilus paragallinarum). There are 3 common serotypes, representing different immunotypes: A, B, C.

Transmission
The disease spreads from bird to bird and flock to flock by contact and airborne infected dust particles and via the drinking water. Spread by equipment and personnel have also been reported. The incubation period varies from 1 to 3 days.

Aspergillosis (Fungal Pneumonia)

Cause
The principal fungus causing Aspergillosis in poultry is Aspergillus fumigatus.

Transmission
Transmission is by inhalation of fungus spores from contaminated litter (e.g. wood shavings, straw) or contaminated feed. Hatcheries may also contribute to infection of chicks.

How to Start Rabbit Farming Business

Rabbits are small sized animal. So it’s very easy to start a commercial rabbit farming business. Make a proper business plan before starting. Here we are describing the most important steps of starting commercial rabbit farming business.

Rabbit Farming

To fulfill the food demand for growing population, we have to find out different ways of food production. The rabbit known as “Micro-Livestock” can be a great source of food production. There is a great opportunity of rabbit farming, and commercial production can be a great source of income and employment.

NEWCASTLE RESISTANT CHICKEN BREED, WHICH ALSO PRODUCES MORE EGGS NOW IN THE MARKET

Poultry farmers can now rear Kuroiler, a high yielding and economical chicken that is highly resistant to perennial poultry diseases like Newcastle, thanks to Ziwani Poultry Farm, who introduced the breed to the Kenyan market last year.

Avian Encephalomyelitis, Epidemic Tremors

Introduction
Avian encephalomyelitis is a viral disease of the central nervous system of chickens, pheasants, turkeys, and quail. It has a worldwide distribution.
Morbidity 5-60% depending on the immune status of the majority of parents, mortality high. Vertical transmission is very important, transmission
occurs over about 1-2 weeks, some lateral. The route of infection is transovarian with an incubation period of 1-7 days; lateral transmission is probably by the oral route, incubation >10 days. Virus in faeces may survive 4 weeks or more.

Fowl Cholera, Pasteurellosis

Introduction
Fowl Cholera is a serious, highly contagious disease.
Fowl Cholera, Pasteurellosis disease caused by the bacterium Pasteurella
multocida in a range of avian species including chickens, turkeys, and water fowl, (increasing order of susceptibility). It is seen worldwide and was one of the first infectious diseases to be recognised, by Louis Pasteur in 1880.

Peste des Petits Ruminants

Overview of Peste des Petits Ruminants
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute or sub acute viral disease of goats and sheep characterized by fever, necrotic stomatitis, gastroenteritis, and pneumonia. It was first reported in the Ivory Coast in 1942 and subsequently in Senegal, Ghana, Togo, Benin, and Nigeria. Sheep and goats are probably equally susceptible to the virus, but sheep may be somewhat more resistant to its clinical effects.

Animal Diseases

Animal disease is an impairment of the normal state of an animal that interrupts or modifies its vital functions.

Concern with diseases that afflict animals dates from the earliest human contacts with animals and is reflected in early views of religion and magic.

Factors to consider in poultry farming

1. Select your Poultry Niche

The poultry industry is a broad niche. There are many sub-sectors in the poultry industry which you can tap into. When poultry farming is mentioned, a lot of people take that to mean chicken rearing or turkey rearing alone but poultry farming is a very wide business with different aspects. Below are niches in the poultry business:

Economic Potentials of Poultry Farming in Africa

Poultry are domesticated birds kept by humans for the eggs they produce, their meat, feathers and sometimes as pets.
These birds include Chickens, Quails, Turkeys, Water fowls, Ducks. geese, Pigeons e.t.c

Housing of Goats

Goats are not as hardy as cows, especially during winter, and like a dry, draught-free shed but with good ventilation. Any windows should be placed high up to allow fresh air, but still draught-free.  Goats also hate rain so therefore a shed is a must.

Goat Rearing

Goat farming is not a new enterprise. Rearing goats is a profitable business. Goat has been rearing since the time immemorial. Generally goat farming means rearing goats for the purpose of harvesting milk, meat and fiber. At present, goat farming has become a profitable business and it requires a very low investment because of its multi-functional utility. Commercial goat farming business is contributing greatly to the economy and nutrition of a country. Goats are multi-functional animal.

About Agriculture

Agriculture (a term which encompasses farming and ranching) is the process of producing food, feed, fiber, fuel, and other goods by the systematic raising of plants and animals.